Challenges and Breakthroughs in the Green Economic Transformation of Double Landlocked Countries: A Study on Uzbekistan's Sustainable Development Path

Abstract

This study explores the green economic transformation of Uzbekistan, a double landlocked country in Central Asia undergoing significant reform. Against the backdrop of rising environmental concerns and a fossil-fuel-dependent infrastructure, Uzbekistan is seeking to reorient its development path through renewable energy adoption, energy efficiency improvements, green transport initiatives, and environmental protection strategies. Drawing on national strategies, international cooperation, and case studies of key initiatives—including building retrofits and electric vehicle promotion—this research analyzes both progress and persistent challenges. It highlights how Uzbekistan's approach to sustainability, though ambitious, is grounded in pragmatic policymaking, regional collaboration, and a growing commitment to ecological resilience. The findings suggest that while obstacles remain in terms of financing, infrastructure, and human capital, Uzbekistan is steadily building a foundation for a low-carbon, inclusive, and forward-looking economy that may serve as a model for similar contexts worldwide.